Magnetohydrodynamic Fluid Flow Research Articles

Soret and Dufour effects on an unsteady MHD flow about a permeable rotating vertical cone with variable fluid properties

The objective of the present work is to examine the characteristics of unsteady incompressible magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow around a permeable rotating vertical cone. The effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and the Soret and Dufour effects are investigated in the analysis of heat and mass transfer. The viscosity of the fluid is considered inversely proportional to the temperature, and the thermal conductivity of the fluid is considered directly proportional to the temper-ature. The governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations, which are then solved numerically using bvp4c from MATLAB. Results obtained in this study are in excellent correlation with previously conducted studies. The results demonstrate that the Dufour and Soret effects subsequently reduce the heat transit rate (by –3.3%) and mass transit rate (by –1.2%) of the system. It is also detected that fluids with higher viscosity tend to increase tangential skin friction (+8.9%) and azimuthal skin friction (+8.3%). The heat transit rate of the system is found to be more efficient for fluids with higher viscosity and lower thermal conductivity and Eckert numbers. Further-more, the thickness of the momentum, thermal, and concentration boundary layers significantly reduces while the heat and mass transit rates (+17.8% and +18.3%, respectively) of the system become more efficient for greater values of the un-steadiness parameter.

Optimization of mass and heat flux of MHD viscous fluid flow with constant proportional Caputo derivative by using response surface methodology: Sensitivity analysis

The study of viscous dissipation in the context of unsteady incompressible magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid flow over a moving plate is a complex and important topic in fluid dynamics and heat transfer. This scenario combines several physical phenomena and has practical applications in various engineering and scientific fields. The fractional mathematical model is proposed by considering the effect of viscous dissipation force of the flowing fluid. For this purpose, fluid is assumed to be lying over a vertical plate that is moving in its own plane. The governing equations are transformed into the dimensionless form and developed fractional model with a new operator Constant Proportional Caputo Derivative. We used the Laplace transform technique to find the solution of the dimensionless governing equation analytically. The transformed solutions for energy and momentum balances developed in terms of series. The validation of the present model comparison graphs is plotted for temperature. The sensitivity of different input parameters on output response are analyzed and displayed the sensitivity results in tabular and graphical form and found that the permeable parameter is most sensitive to skin friction coefficient, and the Eckert number is most sensitive parameter among others to Nusselt Number. The novelty of present work is to develop a correlation between input parameters and output responses by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). As no such correlation has been developed for optimization of mass and heat flux of MHD viscous fluid flow with Constant Proportional Caputo derivative by using RSM. By using this correlation, we have performed sensitivity analysis for output responses.

Convective flow of a magnetohydrodynamic second-grade fluid past a stretching surface with Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux model

Abstract This research delves into dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic second-grade fluid flow influenced by the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms on a stretching sheet. The study takes into account various factors such as thermal radiation, chemical reactivity, and activation energy, all of which contribute to the complex behavior of fluid flow in this system. The interaction between the magnetic field and the fluid, combined with the biological aspect introduced by gyrotactic microorganisms, adds complexity to the overall analysis. The mathematical model is presented in the form of partial differential equations (PDE)s. Using the similarity variables, the modeled PDEs are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Homotopy analysis method is used for the solution of the modeled equations. After a detailed insight into this investigation, it is established that the velocity distribution declined for growth in magnetic factor and second-grade fluid parameter. The thermal characteristics are augmented for the greater values of radiation, thermophoretic and Brownian motion factors, while these profiles are weakened for upsurge in thermal relaxation time factor and Prandtl number. The concentration characteristics declined with the enhancement in Schmidt number, mass relaxation time, chemical reaction, and Brownian motion factors, while they amplified with enhancement in activation energy and thermophoresis factors. The microorganisms’ profiles are the declining functions of bioconvection Lewis and Peclet numbers. This study included a comparative analysis, which aligns closely with existing research, demonstrating a strong concordance with established findings.

Heat and mass transport of an advection-diffusion viscous fluid past a magnetized multi-physical curved stretching sheet with chemical reaction

ABSTRACT Analysis of 2D magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscous fluid over a magnetized multi-physical curved mechanism is numerically conducted. The flow equations consist of a magnetic field transport, Maxwell’s equations, energy equation and concentration equation. Governing model is generated and establishes the boundary layer equations. Numerical computation by the Keller-Box shooting method is implemented with Jacobi’s iterative technique. The flow behaviours are anticipated against most interesting parameters. The novelty of this study focuses on the mathematical development of the flow problem with significant results. These results are applicable in manufacturing of stretchable materials.

Numerical simulation of the flow of a tangent hyperbolic fluid over a stretching sheet within a porous medium, accounting for slip conditions

This study aims to explore the characteristics of tangent hyperbolic fluid flow along a stretching sheet. The sheet has suction or injection influences and is located inside a porous medium. The research inspects the flow and heat transfer (FHT) properties, taking into account the presence of a velocity slip condition. The flow of non-Newtonian magnetohydrodynamic fluid caused by a porous stretching sheet, taking into account thermal radiation and heat generation, has a wide range of engineering applications. These applications involve chemical reactors, energy distribution, storage of solar energy, and filtration processes. Mathematically, the flow problem is expressed as a collection of nonlinear partial differential equations. To numerically solve the resulting ODEs, the finite difference approach (FDM) is successfully used. Tables and graphs are used to display the various output values related to the hyperbolic tangent fluid. Among the different output values that appear are velocity and temperature. Significant observations from the study indicate that an increase in the power-law index, slip velocity parameter, porosity parameter, and magnetic number results in a decrease in the fluid's velocity and an increase in temperature. The completed comparison analysis shows a sizable degree of agreement with the earlier investigation.

Numerical simulation of magneto-hydrodynamic fluid flow with heat sink, chemical diffusion and Powell Eyring fluid behavior using Cattaneo–Christov source term

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of magneto hydrodynamic Powell–Eyring fluid on double-diffusive phenomena, with a specific focus on employing the Cattaneo–Christov model. The purpose is to enhance the study's scope by incorporating a heat sink and chemical reactions, thereby analyzing the intricate interplay between heat transfer and chemical processes within the MHD fluid system. To achieve this aim, the study utilizes similarity variables to convert PDEs into ODEs. The primary objective is to gain insights into mass and heat transmission dynamics, placing a particular emphasis on understanding the influence of chemical reactions in the system. For numerical solutions during the analysis, MATLAB's BVP4C solver and the shooting technique are employed. The research further aims to explore various physical constraints, including the fluid Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient. By doing so, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how the MHD fluid system responds to different conditions. The notable outcomes, presented through graphical representations and tables, include a discernible decrease in fluid velocity with a higher magnetic field parameter and an observable increase in fluid temperature with greater heat source constraints. In summary, this exploration subsidizes significantly to our considerate of complex fluid behavior and holds practical applicability in various scientific and engineering contexts. The novel and physical insights from the study offer valuable understanding into the impact of magneto hydrodynamic Powell–Eyring fluid, particularly concerning double-diffusive phenomena and the intricate interplay between heat transfer and chemical processes.

Heat generation and melting heat transfer effects on MHD flow of Carreau fluid in a porous medium

AbstractWe consider heat and mass transfer analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Carreau fluid flow along a stretching sheet in a permeable medium with impacts of melting condition, heat generation, double diffusion, and variable thermal conductivity. The novelty of the present work is to study the effects of melting heat transfer and heat generation on MHD flow of Carreau fluid along a stretched sheet in a porous medium with influence of Dufour and Soret effects, and variable thermal conductivity. Similarity transformations procedure is used which transform the partial differential equations (PDEs) of fluid flow model into nonlinear dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We obtained numerical solutions of ODEs and the effects of assorted governing parameters are investigated. The results showed that boosting melting parameter increases velocity and concentration fields and reduces temperature profile. Enhancing heat source parameter increases temperature profile, concentration profile observing decline for modified Dufour parameter, Schmidt number, and Soret number, and velocity of the fluid decline for magnetic and porosity parameters. Impact of governing parameters on physical quantities comprising Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood number is evaluated numerically. The accuracy of our results are established in comparison with previous research for skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number.

An examination of the flow of magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid and heat transfer between penetrable disks using the variation iteration method and finite element method

This study examined the steady, two-dimensional, incompressible, and laminar viscous fluid flow between two porous disks in an external magnetic field. The main objective of this article is to propose a novel model that utilizes the numerical and analytical method (VIM) to solve the coupled differential equations of temperature and velocity while considering repeated changes. Furthermore, the finite element method is employed to analyze the pressure and temperature gradient variations for aluminum oxide and ethylene glycol nanoparticles flowing over two parallel discs. The finite element method has been used in both FlexPDE and CFD software to analyze these parameters. The results show that the velocity in the center of the space between the discs decreases as the Reynolds number increases. In simpler terms, the shape of the radial velocity patterns resembles a parabola. As it approaches the lower disc, the velocity gradually increases. The gradient of average velocity in the r-direction for ethylene glycol nanotubes around parallel disks is approximately 18.32 % greater than that of aluminum oxide nanotubes.

Implementing the multistep adams-bashforth numerical approach on magnetohydrodynamic radiated casson fluid with darcy forchheimer, dissipation and activation energy

The main goal behind the conduction of this work is to use the Adams-Bashforth method in the field of fluid dynamics to solve the Navier–Stokes equations based on the boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid passing on the upper horizontal parabolic surface with variable fluid characteristics and Darcy-Forchheimer effect. The temperature flow rate and mass rate are also investigated with the help of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, heat generation and activation energy. The Adams-Bashforth technique is widely used in numerical analysis, scientific computing, fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics, astrophysics and is particularly useful in solving the stiff ODEs, where other methods may fail to converge. It is particularly useful for simulating the flow of fluids around complex geometries, such as aircraft wings or turbine blade. The equations of basic governing laws (Momentum, temperature and concentration) are achieved in the form of PDE’s. These PDEs are then transmuted into ODEs via similarity variables and the numerical behaviors of these ODEs are obtained with Adam-Bashforth (Predictor-Corrector) along with RK-4 technique on the Matlab software. The initial guesses are modified by using secant method. Graphical analyses are used to explain how different parameters affect the temperature, velocity and mass transport rate. The finding of results revealed that the inertia coefficient, Hartmann number and fluid parameter make the decrement in the velocity field. The amplification in temperature of fluid is noted for varying the radiation coefficient, dissipation and thermal generation coefficient. The solutal field drops due to activation energy and reaction coefficient. The findings are useful to observe the flow attributes, behaviors and helpful in the designing of thermal equipment in the thermal industries.

Analysis of MHD tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid flow with different base fluids over a porous stretched sheet

This study investigates the flow of a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) tangential hyperbolic hybrid nano fluid flow towards a porous stretched sheet with an inclined magnetic field under velocity and thermal slip conditions. Two distinct base fluids, (i) water and (ii) a mixture of ethylene glycol() and water are employed as base liquids with Copper() and aluminium oxide() nanoparticles, to generate two different hybrid nanofluids as and . Scaling group transformations with a homotopy algorithm is used to study the effects of distinct physical parameters like the Weissenberg number, an inclined magnetic field, thermal radiation, velocity, and thermal slip conditions with a heat generation/absorption parameter and a permeable parameter on the velocity and temperature distributions. The outcomes of hybrid nano fluid are compared with hybrid nano fluid in significant critical physical circumstances using graphs and tables. It is observed that the parameters and , , and λ increase the fluid temperature and decelerate the motion of fluid. The obtained results are validated by comparing them with the existing literature and found that the present results are consistent with the given data. Additionally, it is also noticed that the hybrid nanofluid has a higher heat transmission rate as compared to hybrid nanofluid. Finally, the impact of nano particle volume fractions of copper and aluminium oxide on the velocity and temperature profiles is discussed to study their efficiency.

MHD Fluid Flow Bounded by Two Parallel Vertical Plates in A Porous Media with Heat Transfer

We are investigating Magneto hydrodynamic fluid flow between two parallel vertical plates in a porous media with heat transfer. We will nondimensionalize the governing equations and then transform the resulting equations using the central difference approximation method. We will simulate the resulting equations using MATLAB to establish the effect of non dimensionalized parameters on the fluid velocity and temperature. We will graphically present the effect of the Darcy, Hartmann, Prandtl, and Reynolds numbers on the velocity and temperature profile. We have made the following conclusions from this study. The fluid velocity is inversely proportional to Darcy’s and Hartmann’s numbers. Fluid velocity increases as the Reynolds number is increased. Fluid temperature declines with a rise in the Prandtl number when the distance between the plates is greater than one and increases the fluid temperature when the distance between plates is less than one. Fluid temperature increases as Hartmann and Darcy numbers are increased. No velocity and temperature profile effect exists on varying Prandtl and Reynolds numbers. The findings have practical applications in industrial processes such as cooling systems.

Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of an unsteady Non-Newtonian Magnetohydrodynamic Fluid Flow (Semi-Analytical Solution)

In the presence of a time-dependent chemical reaction, this work investigates unsteady squeezing Casson nanofluid flow and heat transfer between two parallel plates under the influence of a uniform magnetic field. Considering the effects of viscosity dissipation, heat generation from friction resulting from flow shear, Brownian motion, Joule heating, and thermodiffusion. The problem's nonlinear differential equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta (RK-4) technique and the Homotopy Perturbation technique. The excellent accuracy of the results is evident since they have been compared with other results from earlier research. In the form of graphs and tables, flow behavior under the many physical factors that are modified is also covered and well described. This work has shown that, by normalizing flow behavior, magnetic fields may be utilized to manage a variety of flows. Additionally, it is demonstrated that in every situation, the effects of positive and negative squeeze numbers on heat and mass transfer flow are opposite. Moreover, the thermophoresis parameter decreases as the concentration field increases. However, when the Brownian motion parameter is increased, the concentration profile gets better. Additionally, several other significant factors were examined. The results of this study can facilitate quicker and easier research and assist engineers.

Magnetohydrodynamic and Ferrohydrodynamic Fluid Flow Using the Finite Volume Method

Many problems in fluid mechanics describe the change in the flow under the effect of electromagnetic forces. The present study explores the behaviour of an electric conducting, Newtonian fluid flow applying the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) principles. The physical problems for such flows are formulated by the Navier–Stokes equations with the conservation of mass and energy equations, which constitute a coupled non-linear system of partial differential equations subject to analogous boundary conditions. The numerical solution of such physical problems is not a trivial task due to the electromagnetic forces which may cause severe disturbances in the flow field. In the present study, a numerical algorithm based on a finite volume method is developed for the solution of such problems. The basic characteristics of the method are, the set of equations is solved using a simultaneous direct approach, the discretization is achieved using the finite volume method, and the solution is attained solving an implicit non-linear system of algebraic equations with intense source terms created by the non-uniform magnetic field. For the validation of the overall algorithm, comparisons are made with previously published results concerning MHD and FHD flows. The advantages of the proposed methodology are that it is direct and the governing equations are not manipulated like other methods such as the stream function vorticity formulation. Moreover, it is relatively easily extended for the study of three-dimensional problems. This study examines the Hartmann flow and the fluid flow with FHD principles, that formulate MHD and FHD flows, respectively. The major component of the Hartmann flow is the Hartmann number, which increases in value the stronger the Lorentz forces are, thus the fluid decelerates. In the case of FHD fluid flow, the major finding is the creation of vortices close to the external magnetic field source, and the stronger the magnetic field of the source, the larger the vortices are.

Exact Analysis of Fractionalised Jeffrey Fluid in a Channel with Caputo and Caputo Fabrizio Time Derivative: A Comparative Study

Abstract The non-integer order derivatives, Caputo (C) and Caputo Fabrizio (CF), were employed to analyse the natural convective flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Jeffrey fluid. The aim is to generalise the idea of Jeffrey’s fluid flow. The fluid flow is elaborated between two vertical parallel plates. One plate is kept fixed while the other is moving with the velocity U0f(t), which induces the motion in the fluid. The fluid flow problem is modelled in terms of the partial differential equation along with generalised physical conditions. The appropriate parameters are introduced to the dimensionless system of equations. To obtain the solutions, the Laplace transform (LT) is operated on the fractional system of equations, and the results are presented in series form. The pertinent parameter’s influence on the fluid flow is brought under consideration to reveal interesting results. In comparison, we noticed that the C approach shows better results than CF, and graphs are drawn to show the results. The results for ordinary Jeffrey fluid, second-grade and viscous fluid are obtained in a limiting sense.

Multi-physics modeling of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow with thermal radiation and Darcy–Forchheimer effects: a study on Soret and Dufour phenomena

Multi-physics modeling of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow with thermal radiation and Darcy–Forchheimer effects: a study on Soret and Dufour phenomena

Irreversibilities and heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic microchannel flow under differential heating

This study investigates heat transfer and entropy generation in a microchannel subjected to differential heating, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating within a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid flow. A finite difference method with a fully implicit scheme is employed to accurately model temperature distribution and entropy generation. A comparison between the average Nusselt numbers (Nu) calculated using the classical method and the Bennett Formula reveals a notable discrepancy, particularly at the entry length (up to 14%). It has been found that when one plate is heated while the other is cooled and the Hartmann number (Ha) is low, the average Nu for both plates converges to 2. However, at high Ha values considering viscous dissipation and Joule heating, there is an 8% deviation between the Nu values of the two plates, with the higher Nu found on the cooling plate. Sensitivity analyses explore the impact of control parameters on entropy generation, emphasizing the significance of η as a key parameter that reflects the system's resistance to entropy generation. Increasing η from 0.1 to 0.5 results in a 32% reduction in entropy generation. In particular, for microchannels, substantial η high values imply reduced entropy generation, highlighting their efficiency in heat transfer.

Numerical calculation and fast method for the magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of fractional Jeffrey fluid on a two-dimensional irregular convex domain

In this paper, we study the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer of the fractional Jeffrey fluid in a straight channel, of which the cross section is a two-dimensional irregular convex domain. We consider a spatial fractional operator to modify the classical Fourier's law of thermal conduction, and obtain the time-space fractional coupled model. The fractional coupled model is solved numerically by the L2−1σ method in the temporal direction and the unstructured mesh finite element method in the spatial direction. Besides, we prove the stability and convergence of the numerical scheme. In order to reduce the computational time, a fast method is proposed. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the theoretical analysis and the efficiency of the fast method. Furthermore, an example is considered to discuss the effects of the fractional parameters on the MHD flow and heat transfer of the fractional Jeffrey fluid.

Convection heat transfer of MHD fluid flow in the circular cavity with various obstacles: Finite element approach

In the present research, a study has been conducted on a model to investigate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer phenomena. In the geometry of this model, there is a circular cavity with a variable number of obstacles in each step. At each stage, some obstacles are heated, and its effect on fluid flow and heat transfer is investigated. Solving and developing partial differential equations is done using the finite element method. The effects of Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers on flow lines, isotherms, and equivalent concentrations have been investigated, and the output was displayed as contours and graphs. Finally, the Nusselt diagram is displayed. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of changes in Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers in different geometries on its behavior. This particular flow configuration was chosen because of the fundamental role of magnetohydrodynamics and its widespread use in engineering, industry, and medicine. The findings of this research show that in almost all investigated geometries, the behavior of streamlines, isotherms, and isothermal concentrations is anti-symmetrical at X = 0.5. Also, with the heating of the upper obstacles, the total Nusselt number decreases, and with the heating of the lower obstacles, the total Nusselt number increases. The behavior of the total Nusselt number against the increase of the thermal radiation parameter is increasing, and as the number of obstacles inside the cavity increases, the total Nusselt number increases.

Heat transfer enrichment in magnetohydrodynamic cylindrical flow of Maxwell fluid with thermal radiation and Stefan blowing effects

Energy transfer and boundary layer flow on a stretching cylinder are used in extrusion procedures, fiber technology, the manufacture of polymer sheets, and the creation of plastic films. In view of these applications, this article examines a transport model for a boundary layer flow with magnetohydrodynamics derived from a Maxwell fluid flow under the influence of radiation, Brownian motion, thermo phoresies and Stefan blowing on a stretching cylinder. Using MATLAB bvp4c function, the governing equations are numerically solved after being changed into ordinary differential equations via similarity renovations. Calculations and analyses determined how various emergent parameters affected the flow field, heat transfer and mass transfer. Some characteristics were discovered to affect the width of the boundary layer. The influence on MHD (M), radiation (Rd), the Schmidt number (Stc), Brownian motion (Nb), thermo phoresies (Nt) and the Stefan blowing parameter (Sb) on the velocity, energy and concentration profile have been explored. Excellent assessment is recognized over a tabular explanation to validate the adopted numerical technique. Significantly the Stefan blowing parameter rises the profiles on velocity and temperature. For an increasing value of the Maxwell fluid parameter, the skin friction coefficient decreases compared to the Stefan parameter.

Radiation Absorption and Diffusion Thermo Effects on Unsteady MHD Kuvshinski Fluid Flow Past an Inclined Porous Plate in the Presence of Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction

The aim of the present paper is to investigate investigated the Radiation absorption and diffusion thermo on unsteady magneto hydrodynamic Kuvshinski fluid flow past an infinite vertical permeable moving plate in Presence of thermal radiation, heat absorption and homogenous chemical reaction, subjected to variable suction. The plate is assumed to be embedded in a uniform porous medium and Moves with a constant velocity in the flow direction in the presence of a transverse magnetic Field. The equations governing the flow are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using perturbation technique. Graphical results for the velocity distribution, temperature distribution and concentration distribution based on the numerical solutions are presented and discussed. Also discuss the effects of various parameters on the skin-friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer in the form of Nusselt number and rate of mass transfer in the form of Sherwood number at the surface. Velocity and temperature distribution is observed to increase with an increase in Radiation absorption and Dufour parameter, whereas diminishes with enhances of Magnetic field, heat absorption coefficient, radiation parameter and chemical reaction parameter in respective velocity, temperature and concentration distributions.